Merz also urged Trump to put pressure on Vladimir Putin over the war in Ukraine. “Russia is playing for time here, and in doing so is also acting against the will of the American president. In today’s talks, I called for increasing the pressure on Moscow,” the German chancellor told reporters. The US, Russia and Ukraine are taking part in trilateral talks aimed at securing a peace deal. Merz, however, said only a pact supported by Europe could be lasting. “We are not prepared to accept an agreement that is negotiated over our heads,” he said.
We propose sycophancy leads to less discovery and overconfidence through a simple mechanism: When AI systems generate responses that tend toward agreement, they sample examples that coincide with users’ stated hypotheses rather than from the true distribution of possibilities. If users treat this biased sample as new evidence, each subsequent example increases confidence, even though the examples provide no new information about reality. Critically, this account requires no confirmation bias or motivated reasoning on the user’s part. A rational Bayesian reasoner will be misled if they assume the AI is sampling from the true distribution when it is not. This insight distinguishes our mechanism from the existing literature on humans’ tendency to seek confirming evidence; sycophantic AI can distort belief through its sampling strategy, independent of users’ bias. We formalize this mechanism and test it experimentally using a rule discovery task.
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Фото: Yves Herman / Reuters
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